Nature’s Most Unexpected Alliances
In the vibrant tapestry of coral reef life, few creatures capture the imagination quite like the pom-pom crab. Also known as the boxer crab, this tiny crustacean, scientifically named Lybia tessellata, wields a one-of-a-kind defence mechanism: it holds venomous sea anemones in its claws, much like a cheerleader brandishing pom-poms.
This extraordinary behaviour is highlighted in Sir David Attenborough’s stunning series Ocean with David Attenborough, where he remarks,
“These little boxer crabs have been found to wear clumps of venomous anemones as gloves with which to defend themselves.”
But it’s not just a clever trick for self-defence — it’s a shining example of symbiosis: a mutually beneficial relationship between two species.
A Symbiotic Dance
The pom-pom crab’s partnership with sea anemones (typically Triactis producta) is a masterclass in biological cooperation. The crab gains protection and even uses the anemones to snatch food, while the anemones benefit from movement — catching more food particles as the crab wanders across the reef.
Even more astonishing: if one anemone is lost, the crab can carefully split the remaining one in two. Because the anemones can reproduce asexually, each half becomes a full partner once again!
Masters of Camouflage
Despite their flashy weapons, pom-pom crabs are surprisingly good at hiding. Their mottled, patterned shells blend into the coral and sandy seabed of the Indo-Pacific, allowing them to disappear from view. But when needed, out come the “gloves” — a final warning to would-be predators.
Guardians of the Reef
Pom-pom crabs, like so many reef inhabitants, are part of a finely balanced system. Coral reefs rely on thousands of interlinked relationships. Remove just one species, and the whole web can begin to unravel.
As Sir David Attenborough poignantly explains:
“If just one (species) is removed, everything and everyone that relies on this coral community could be in trouble.”
Which makes the story of the pom-pom crab a powerful symbol of nature’s delicate balance — and how cooperation between species helps ecosystems thrive.
More Remarkable Animal Partnerships
Nature is full of fascinating collaborations. Here are two more examples of interspecies teamwork that show how animals help each other survive and thrive:
The Clownfish and the Sea Anemone
Thanks to Finding Nemo, this duo might already be familiar. But their real-life relationship is even more remarkable. Clownfish live among the tentacles of sea anemones, which are usually venomous to other fish. The clownfish, however, has a special mucus layer that protects it. In return for a safe home, it chases away predators and parasites that might harm the anemone.
A perfect balance of protection and support.
The Oxpecker and the Rhinoceros
Across the African savanna, rhinos and buffalo often carry a feathered companion: the oxpecker bird. This bird rides on the backs of large mammals, feeding on ticks and pests. The oxpecker enjoys a steady food supply, and the mammals get a natural grooming service.
Some studies even suggest the birds raise alarm calls when predators approach — acting as early warning systems.
A Lesson from the Wild
These remarkable partnerships reveal a side of nature that’s not just about survival of the fittest — but about connection, cooperation, and balance. From the smallest crab to the largest land mammals, the natural world is filled with alliances that benefit both parties.
The pom-pom crab, with its anemone gloves and surprising ingenuity, reminds us how much there still is to discover — and how even the tiniest creatures can reveal the biggest lessons about life on Earth.
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Resources for Teachers and Families:
In addition to our audiobooks, our website also provides a wealth of free resources for educators and parents, including lesson plans, slides, and information on endangered species. These materials can be used to supplement your child’s learning experience and further deepen their understanding of extinction and conservation.
Download our FREE lesson plans and slides about Extinction and Biomimicry. We also have a selection of classroom activities on our website – NOW TOTALLY FREE to use in classrooms or at home.
For even more exploration of the natural world, tune in to our Stories, Science & Secrets podcast for kids. Join Matthew, Elaine, Steve Punt and special guests, as we delve into the fascinating world of biomimicry and the inspiring ways science learns from nature’s genius.
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