January ushers in a new year, and while the days are short and the air crisp, nature brims with quiet activity and seasonal marvels. From observing wintering wildlife to preparing your garden for the year ahead, there are numerous ways to connect with the natural world this month. Let’s explore what’s happening in nature during January 2025 and how you can make the most of it.

1) Wildlife to look for in nature in January

Winter Birds: Redwings, Fieldfares, and Waxwings

The UK’s hedgerows and berry-laden trees are alive with activity as winter migrants like redwings, fieldfares, and the occasional waxwing feast on their seasonal bounty. Redwings, with their distinctive red underwings and creamy eye-stripes, often join flocks of other thrushes. Fieldfares, slightly larger, are recognisable by their grey heads and speckled chests. Waxwings, more elusive, bring a splash of colour with their silky plumage and bright wing markings.

Waxwings

These are not strictly British, but they can be found in the UK during the winter months. These striking birds are mostly migratory, breeding in northern Europe and parts of Asia, then traveling southward when food becomes scarce in their breeding regions. In the UK, they are considered winter visitors, arriving typically from Scandinavia and other northern areas in search of berries, particularly rowan and hawthorn. Though not common, they do appear in significant numbers some years, especially if food resources in their breeding areas are limited.

They can be found in parks, orchards, and gardens with plenty of berry-bearing plants like hawthorn, rowan, or cotoneaster. Waxwings can sometimes overindulge on fermented berries, leading to a slightly “drunk” appearance.

 

Winter Mammals

Animals in the UK, such as hedgehogs, frogs, and bats, are fully hibernating during this time. These species enter a deep sleep to conserve energy when food is scarce and the temperatures drop. Hedgehogs seek out sheltered spots, while frogs and bats use underground burrows or caves to hibernate. So take care not to disturb their shelters. If you’re composting, avoid turning the pile, as it could disrupt any creatures taking refuge in the warmth.

In contrast, creatures like the Pine Marten, along with foxes and badgers, remain active in the winter, though they may adjust their routines and spend more time in their dens or homes during harsh weather. This month we will highlight the Pine Marten.

Pine Martens:

The Pine Marten (Martes martes) is a small, elusive mammal native to the UK and Europe. With its bushy tail, sleek fur, and characteristic mask-like face, it is one of the most intriguing woodland creatures. However, due to various environmental pressures, the Pine Marten is classified as near threatened in the UK, and their numbers are only now beginning to show signs of recovery after centuries of decline.

Pine Martens do not enter a full hibernation. Instead, they rely on their thick fur and ability to adapt to colder temperatures. However, they may spend more time in their dens during the coldest nights, especially if food is scarce. Despite the winter chill, they hunt small mammals like voles, shrews, and rabbits, as well as birds and insects. They are also opportunistic eaters, feeding on fruit, nuts, and berries when available. In the winter, their diet may include tree-dwelling squirrels or carrion.

January marks the start of the breeding season for Pine Martens. Mating generally takes place from late winter to early spring, with the females giving birth to kits in late spring or early summer. Pine Martens are solitary creatures, and males do not provide parental care, leaving the females to raise the young.

Why Are Pine Martens Endangered?

Historically, the Pine Marten was widespread across the UK, particularly in the forests of Scotland, Wales, and parts of England. However, over the centuries, they faced significant threats that contributed to their decline:

    1. Habitat Loss: Large-scale deforestation, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, significantly reduced the Pine Marten’s natural woodland habitat. Without the dense forests and tree cover they require, the species struggled to survive.
    2. Persecution: Pine Martens were also targeted by hunters, farmers, and gamekeepers. They were often seen as a threat to livestock and game birds, leading to widespread trapping and killing.
    3. Competition with Other Species: The introduction of non-native species, like the American Mink, further threatened the Pine Marten. Minks compete for food and habitat, and their aggressive nature has been detrimental to the smaller, more vulnerable Pine Marten population.
    4. Fragmented Populations: The destruction of habitats led to isolated Pine Marten populations, which made it difficult for them to breed and maintain genetic diversity. This contributed to a further decline in their numbers.

As of now, the Pine Marten is classified as “near threatened” on the IUCN Red List in the UK, but thanks to conservation efforts, they are slowly recovering.

Where to Find Pine Martens in the UK

Pine Martens are primarily found in the forests of Scotland, particularly in the Highlands and the Western Isles. They also inhabit Wales and parts of Northern England, with a few reintroduction projects taking place in the Lake District and the Forest of Bowland. Pine Martens prefer mature woodlands and forests with plenty of tree cover, as well as areas near streams or rivers where they can find food.

If you’re interested in spotting a Pine Marten, you’ll need patience. They are nocturnal and solitary creatures and spotting them during daylight hours is rare. The best time to look for signs of their presence is at night, when they are most active. Pine Martens are known for their distinctive calls and the scat (droppings) they leave behind, which can help in locating them in the wild.

Conservation Efforts

Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been made to help the Pine Marten population recover. Reintroduction projects, particularly in parts of England, are slowly but surely increasing the species’ range. These initiatives include releasing captive-bred Pine Martens back into the wild, protecting existing populations, and creating safe, connected habitats. The Scottish Natural Heritage and the People’s Trust for Endangered Species are among the groups that have led the way in these efforts.

Winter Foraging

In January, fungi in the UK take on a quieter role in the ecosystem but remain essential. While the showier mushrooms of autumn have faded, hardy species like Jelly Ear can still be spotted on elder trees.

Beneath the soil, fungal mycelium continues its vital work, breaking down organic matter and supporting plant roots through symbiotic relationships. Winter also reveals wood-rotting fungi such as turkey tail (Trametes versicolor), with its striking concentric rings, which persist on dead wood, adding splashes of color to otherwise muted landscapes.

Jelly Ear Fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae):

Jelly Ear Fungus, also known as Auricularia auricula-judae or Wood Ear Fungus, is a fascinating, edible fungus that appears in the UK during the colder months, making it a great find for foragers in January. It is named for its distinctive, ear-shaped appearance and its gelatinous texture, like that of jelly or rubber.

Where to Find Jelly Ear Fungus

Jelly Ear Fungus grows predominantly on decaying wood, particularly dead or rotting hardwood trees like elder, ash, and beech. It is mostly found in damp, shaded areas, such as woodlands, hedgerows, and along the edges of forests. January, with its wet and cold conditions, is an excellent time to spot it as it thrives in these conditions.

Look for the fungus on old, fallen branches, logs, or tree trunks. The jelly-like fruiting body is typically translucent to dark brown or reddish-brown and can grow in clusters. Its ear-like shape and flexible, rubbery texture are the key identifying features.

What You Can Do with Jelly Ear Fungus?

Jelly Ear Fungus is edible and has a mild flavour and chewy, gelatinous texture. It is widely used in Asian cuisine, particularly in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cooking, but is gaining popularity in other culinary circles as well. Here are some ways you can use it:

    1. Soups and Broths: Jelly Ear Fungus absorbs the flavours of whatever it’s cooked in, making it an excellent addition to soups, stews, and broths.
    2. Stir-fries: The fungus adds a unique texture to stir-fries, where it can be combined with vegetables, meat, or tofu, often seasoned with soy sauce, garlic, and ginger.
    3. Pickling: It is sometimes pickled, creating a tangy, crunchy snack or side dish, often served in salads.
    4. Dried: You can dry Jelly Ear Fungus to store it for later use. Dried fungus should be soaked in water to rehydrate before use, and it retains its characteristic rubbery texture once rehydrated.

Foraging Tips and Safety

Jelly Ear Fungus is generally safe to forage, but it’s important to ensure you’re identifying it correctly. The fungus looks similar to other jelly fungi, so caution is necessary.

Key identifying features include:

  • Ear-shaped fruiting bodies, which are often curled or lobed.
  • Translucent to dark brown colour with a rubbery, gelatinous texture.
  • Found on decaying wood, especially on elder trees (often where it’s most abundant).

If you’re new to foraging, it’s always a good idea to refer to reputable online guides, like the Woodland Trust, or go with an experienced guide to confirm your findings. Never consume any fungi unless you’re completely sure it’s safe and edible. Additionally, practice sustainable foraging by taking only what you need, allowing the species to regenerate naturally.

Jelly Ear Fungus is an exciting and versatile find during the winter months, offering a unique ingredient for your kitchen!

2) Night Sky Highlights in January

The long, dark nights of January are perfect for stargazing. Head somewhere with low light pollution to marvel at the constellations. Look out for Orion’s Belt and the bright star Sirius.

Locate Orion’s Belt

  • Look South (Northern Hemisphere): In January, Orion is one of the easiest constellations to spot. It’s high in the sky in the south during evening hours. You don’t need any equipment, and as Orion is one of the brightest constellations, light pollution shouldn’t be a problem either.
  • Find the Belt: Orion’s Belt consists of three bright stars (Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka) in a straight line, forming the “waist” of the Orion constellation.

Use Orion’s Belt to Find Sirius

Sirius is unmistakable because it’s the brightest star in the night sky. It twinkles prominently and has a slightly bluish-white hue. Follow the imaginary line created by the three stars of Orion’s Belt down and to the left. This will lead you to Sirius.

Meteor showers

The Quadrantid meteor shower peaks in early January, offering a dazzling display of shooting stars. The celestial event could deliver up to 120 meteors per hour, according to the Royal Greenwich Observatory.

Venus and the Moon in January

In January, Venus will be particularly bright and visible in the evening sky, and it will appear close to the Moon at certain points during the month.

Venus, often called the “Evening Star” when visible after sunset, is the second planet from the Sun and shines brightly due to its reflective clouds. In January, Venus will be visible in the western sky just after sunset, making it a stunning sight, especially since it’s one of the brightest objects in the night sky.

On specific nights, the Moon and Venus will appear very close together, creating a striking sight. These conjunctions occur when the two celestial objects align closely in the sky from our perspective on Earth. The proximity of Venus and the Moon can be quite spectacular, we were amazed at how bright they were together.

Finding Venus

Venus will be especially visible during the first weeks of January, and the best time to spot it is shortly after sunset when the sky is still dark enough to see the bright planet. On January 7th and 8th you’ll see a particularly close conjunction between Venus and the Moon. Venus will be just a few degrees to the right of the waxing crescent Moon.

Venus will remain prominent in the sky as it moves in its orbit. While it won’t always be as close to the Moon, it will be bright enough to be easily visible in the evenings.

The Wolf Moon

January’s full moon, known as the Wolf Moon, traditionally symbolizes renewal and the stark beauty of winter. This name originates from Native American and European folklore, as wolves were often heard howling during this time of year. In 2025, the Wolf Moon will illuminate the skies on January 15th.

3. How to Support Wildlife in January

Early Signs of Spring

While it might seem far off, subtle signs of spring start to appear in January. Snowdrops, also known as the “flower of hope,” begin to emerge in woodlands and gardens. Hazel catkins, often called “lambs’ tails,” dangle from branches, releasing pollen into the frosty air.

Feeding Garden Birds

During cold months, food is scarce for birds, so offering high-energy treats can make a significant difference. Fill feeders with sunflower seeds, suet, and peanuts. Scatter apples or raisins on the ground for blackbirds and thrushes.

  • Keep feeders clean to prevent the spread of disease.
  • Make your own fat balls by mixing seeds with melted suet or lard.
  • Frosty mornings can freeze water sources, so put out shallow bowls of water and break the ice when needed. Ensure the water is clean and free of chemicals.

Gardening for Wildlife

Use January to prepare your garden for the year ahead. Plant bare-root trees and shrubs, like hawthorn or crab apple, which will provide food for birds and pollinators. Start planning a wildflower area to attract bees and butterflies later in the year.

Leave Wild Corners

Resist the urge to tidy too much. Piles of leaves, logs, and uncut grass provide vital habitats for insects and small mammals.

  • Did You Know? Soil contains beneficial microbes that can boost mood and reduce stress when you dig your hands into it. This is supported by fascinating scientific research. One key player is a bacterium found in soil called Mycobacterium vaccae, which has been studied for its effects on human health, particularly mental well-being.

How Soil Microbes Affect Mood and Stress:

    1. Mycobacterium vaccae and Serotonin Production:
      • Mycobacterium vaccae is known to stimulate the production of serotonin, often referred to as the “happiness neurotransmitter,” in the brain.
      • When humans are exposed to this bacterium—by inhaling it or through contact with soil—it interacts with the immune system and signals the brain to produce more serotonin.
      • Low levels of serotonin are linked to depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. By increasing serotonin, this soil microbe may help improve mood and reduce stress.
    2. Impact on the Immune System:
      • Soil microbes interact with immune cells, particularly by triggering the release of anti-inflammatory substances. Chronic inflammation is associated with stress and depression, so reducing it can have positive effects on mental health.
      • These microbes act as a natural antidepressant by promoting a balanced immune response.
    3. Connection to the Gut-Brain Axis:
      • Soil microbes can influence gut health when they are ingested, even in trace amounts, during activities like gardening. A healthy gut microbiome is essential for maintaining emotional well-being because it produces many neurotransmitters that affect the brain.

Practical Implications

Activities like gardening, digging in soil, or simply walking in nature expose us to these beneficial microbes, leading to mood-boosting effects. This may explain why people often feel calmer and happier after spending time in the garden or working outdoors.

Supporting Research

A 2007 study presented at the American Society for Microbiology showed that exposure to Mycobacterium vaccae improved mood and cognitive function in mice.

The interaction between humans and soil microbes aligns with the broader concept of “biophilia,” the idea that humans are instinctively drawn to connect with nature.

According to the New Scientist – it can make you smarter too!

Dorothy Matthews of the Sage Colleges says that exposure to soil bacteria may affect human brains too. “It just shows that we evolved with dirt as hunter-gatherers,” she says. “So turn off your TV and go work in your garden, or walk in the woods.”

4. Family Activities for January

•  Encourage children to observe and record the changing seasons. Sketch snowdrops, note the birds visiting your garden, or collect frosty leaves.

• Build a Bird Feeder. Turn old milk cartons or pinecones into bird feeders. This fun craft teaches children about supporting wildlife and recycling.

• Participate in the Big Garden Birdwatch

Join hundreds of thousands of nature lovers across the UK in the RSPB’s Big Garden Birdwatch from January 24th to 26th, 2025. Spend an hour in your garden or local green space observing and recording the birds that land. Every bird you do – or don’t – count will give them a valuable insight into how garden birds are faring.

Why Connecting with Nature Matters

Studies show that spending time in nature boosts physical health, emotional well-being, and even academic performance in children. Gardening, wildlife watching, and outdoor play foster curiosity and build a lifelong connection with the natural world. By encouraging kids to explore and care for the environment, we’re nurturing the next generation of conservationists.

January might feel like the heart of winter, but it’s brimming with opportunities to connect with nature. Whether you’re feeding birds, gazing at the stars, or planning your garden, each small step contributes to a healthier, more vibrant planet.

 

Download our FREE Animated Audiobook for all the family.

We’re delighted to share that, for a limited time only, all four parts of Lost on Infinity (animated adventure on apps) are absolutely FREE on the Apple App Store and Google Play. Suitable for listeners of all ages. Download them all now and embark on an unforgettable adventure that celebrates the power of nature and the importance of protecting all living things.

Resources for Teachers and Families:

In addition to our audiobooks, our website also provides a wealth of free resources for educators and parents, including lesson plans, slides, and information on endangered species. These materials can be used to supplement your child’s learning experience and further deepen their understanding of extinction and conservation.

Download our FREE lesson plans and slides about Extinction and Biomimicry. We also have a selection of classroom activities on our website.

For even more exploration of the natural world, tune in to our Stories, Science & Secrets podcast for kids.  Join Matthew, Elaine, Steve Punt and special guests, as we delve into the fascinating world of biomimicry and the inspiring ways science learns from nature’s genius.